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Gliese 1214 b
Gliese 1214 b (Often shortened to GJ 1214 b) is an exoplanet that orbits the star Gliese 1214, and was discovered in December 2009. Its parent star is 42 light-years from the Sun, in the constellation Ophiuchus. As of 2015, GJ 1214 b is the most likely known candidate for being an ocean planet. For that reason, scientists have nicknamed the planet "the waterworld".
It is a super-Earth, meaning it is larger than Earth but is significantly smaller (in mass and radius) than the gas giants of the Solar System. After COROT-7b, it was the second super-Earth to be known〔 and is the first of a new class of planets with small size and relatively low density.〔 GJ 1214 b is also significant because its parent star is relatively near the Sun and because it transits (crosses in front of) that parent star, which allows the planet's atmosphere to be studied using spectroscopic technologies.〔
In December 2013, NASA reported that clouds may have been detected in the atmosphere of GJ 1214 b.
==Detection==
GJ 1214 b was first detected by the MEarth Project, which searches for the small drops in brightness that can occur when an orbiting planet briefly passes in front of its parent star. In early 2009, the astronomers running the project noticed that the star GJ 1214 appeared to show drops in brightness of that sort. They then observed the star more closely and confirmed that it dimmed by roughly 1.5% every 1.58 days. Follow-up radial-velocity measurements were then made with the HARPS spectrograph on the ESO's 3.6-meter telescope at La Silla, Chile; those measurements succeeded in providing independent evidence for the reality of the planet. A paper was then published in ''Nature'' announcing the planet and giving estimates of its mass, radius, and orbital parameters.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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